Raden
Ajeng Kartini
Raden Adjeng Kartini (born
in Jepara, Central Java, 21 April 1879 - died in Rembang, Central Java, 17
September 1904 at age 25 years) or actually more accurately called Raden
Ayu Kartini was a prominent Javanese and Indonesian National Hero. Kartini
is known as a pioneer of the rise of indigenous women.
Raden Adjeng Kartini is one of
the Javanese aristocratic or noble class, the daughter of Raden Mas
Sosroningrat Duke Ario, the regent of Jepara. She is the daughter of first
wife, but not the main wife. His mother named M.A. Ngasirah, daughter
of Haji Siti Aminah Nyai and Kyai Haji Madirono, a religion teacher at
Telukawur, Jepara.
Kartini's father at
the beginning was a Wedana in Mayong. Colonial Rule requires a regent at
that time married to a nobleman. Because M.A. Ngasirah not the high
nobility, then her father married again with Raden Adjeng Woerjan (Moerjam), a
direct descendant of King of Madura. After the marriage, Kartini's father
was appointed the regent of Jepara, replacing the biological father of RA Woerjan,
R.A.A. Tjitrowikromo.
Kartini was the son
of the 5th of 11 siblings and stepfather. Of all siblings, Kartini was the
eldest daughter. His grandfather, Prince Ario Tjondronegoro IV, was
appointed regent at the age of 25 years. Kartini's older brother,
Sosrokartono, is an intelligent person in the field of language. Until the
age of 12 years, Kartini allowed to attend school in the ELS (Europese Lagere
School). Here, among others, Kartini learn the Dutch language. But
after 12 years of age, he should stay at home because it could be secluded.
Because Kartini could
speak Dutch, then at home he began to study himself and writing letters to
friends correspondence originating from the Netherlands. One is Rosa
Abendanon a lot of support them. From books, newspapers, and magazines of
Europe, Kartini interested in the advancement of women think European. Arise
desire to promote indigenous women, because he saw that indigenous women are at
a low social status.
Kartini read a lot of
Semarang newspaper De Locomotief who nurtured Pieter
Brooshooft, he also received leestrommel (package bookstore magazine
circulated to the subscription). Among them there are magazines of culture
and science are quite heavy, there is also a Dutch women's magazine De
Hollandsche Lelie. Kartini was then several times to send his writings and
published in De Hollandsche Lelie. From his letters seem Kartini read
everything with great attention, while taking notes. Sometimes called
Kartini one essay or quote a few sentences. His attention was not solely
about women's emancipation, but also a general social problem. Kartini
saw women struggle to gain freedom, autonomy and legal equality as part of a
broader movement. Among the books read Kartini before the age of 20, there
is the title of Max Havelaar and Love Letters by Multatuli,
who in November 1901 was read two times. Then De Stille Kraacht (Power of
Invisibility) by Louis Coperus.Then the work of high quality Van Eeden, Augusta
de Witt's work is mediocre, roman-feminist work of Mrs. Goekoop de-Jong Van
Beek and an anti-war novel written by Berta von Suttner, Die Waffen Nieder (Put
Weapons). Everything is in Dutch.
By her parents,
Kartini was married to the regents ordered Rembang, Send last Duke Ario
Singgih Djojo Adhiningrat, who had had three wives. Kartini was married on
12 November 1903. Her husband understood Kartini Kartini and desires are
given the freedom to establish schools and supported women in the east gate of
Apex district office complex, or in a building that is now used as a Boy Scout
Building.
The first and last
child at the same time, R.M. Soesalit, born on September 13, 1904. A
few days later, September 17, 1904, Kartini died at the age of 25 years. Kartini
was buried in Bulu Village, Kecamatan Bulu, Apex.
Thanks to his
perseverance Kartini, then established School for Women by Kartini Foundation
in Semarang in 1912, and later in Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Malang, Madiun, Cirebon
and other areas.The name of the school is "Kartini schools." Kartini
Foundation was founded by the Van Deventer, a figure the Ethical Policy.
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